Preparation of diverse BODIPY diesters

The synthesis and properties of a variety of substituted BODIPY diesters is presented. We find that certain substitution patterns afford appreciable yields of the target compounds and that electronic effects result in predicable differential fluorescent behavior. Challenges to further water solubilize these dyes and/or provide new points of attachment for biological tagging remain, these strategies are discussed.     

A new approach to constant term identities and Selberg-type integrals

Selberg-type integrals that can be turned into constant term identities for Laurent polynomials arise naturally in conjunction with random matrix models in statistical mechanics. Built on a recent idea of Karasev and Petrov we develop a general interpolation based method that is powerful enough to establish many such identities in a simple manner. The main consequence is the proof of a conjecture of Forrester related to the Calogero–Sutherland model. In fact we prove a more general theorem, which includes Aomoto's constant term identity at the same time. We also demonstrate the relevance of the method in additive combinatorics.     

Metric inequalities for routings on direct connections with application to line planning

We consider multi-commodity flow problems in which capacities are installed on paths. In this setting, it is often important to distinguish between flows on direct connection routes, using single paths, and flows that include path switching. We derive a feasibility condition for path capacities supporting such direct connection flows similar to the well-known feasibility condition for arc capacities in ordinary multi-commodity flows. The condition can be expressed in terms of a class of metric inequalities for routings on direct connections. We illustrate the concept on the example of the line planning problem in public transport and present an application to large-scale real-world problems.     

Equalizer technology followed by DIGE‐based proteomics for detection of cellular proteins in artificial peritoneal dialysis effluents

Peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE) represents a rich pool of potential biomarkers for monitoring disease and therapy. Until now, proteomic studies have been hindered by the plasma‐like composition of the PDE. Beads covered with a peptide library are a promising approach to remove high abundant proteins and concentrate the sample in one step. In this study, a novel approach for proteomic biomarker identification in PDEs consisting of a depletion and concentration step followed by 2D gel based protein quantification was established. To prove this experimental concept a model system of artificial PDEs was established by spiking unused peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids with cellular proteins reflecting control conditions or cell stress. Using this procedure, we were able to reduce the amount of high abundant plasma proteins and concentrate low abundant proteins while preserving changes in abundance of proteins with cellular origin. The alterations in abundance of the investigated marker for cell stress, the heat shock proteins, showed similar abundance profiles in the artificial PDE as in pure cell culture samples. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of this system in detecting subtle changes in cellular protein expression triggered by unphysiological stress stimuli typical in PD, which could serve as biomarkers. Further studies using patients’ PDE will be necessary to prove the concept in clinical PD and to assess whether this technique is also informative regarding enriching low abundant plasma derived protein biomarker in the PDE.     

Parallel synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiophene-3-carbonitrile derivatives on traceless solid support

A parallel solid-phase synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted thiophene-3-carbonitrile derivatives was developed. The polymer-supported synthetic route progressed using the sulfide linker via a traceless strategy. The initial synthesis utilized the Thorpe–Ziegler type cyclization of α-haloketone and polymer-supported 2,2-dicyanoethene-1,1-bis(thiolate), which was derived from the Merrifield resin. The resulting thiophene resin was introduced to one substitution by N-arylation. After oxidation of sulfides to sulfones in the thiophene resins for subsequent cleavage, nucleophilic desulfonative substitution with amines and thiols afforded the desired thiophene-3-carbonitrile derivatives in good overall yields.     

Mathematical Analysis of caching policies and cooperation in YouTube-like services

Currently, most video on-demand services offered over the Internet do not exploit the idle resources available from end-users. We discuss the benefits of user-assistance in video on-demand systems, where users are both clients and servers, helping with the task of video distribution. The mathematical machinery for the systematic analysis of video on-demand services is not mature yet. In this paper we develop a deterministic fluid model to determine the expected evolution of user-assisted on-demand video streaming services. We theoretically prove that cooperative systems always outperform non-cooperative solutions. A combinatorial optimization problem is proposed, where the goal is to distribute a set of video items into repositories trying to offer the minimum waiting times to end-users. This combinatorial problem is proved to be in the class of NP-Complete computational problem, and is heuristically solved with a GRASP methodology. Predictions inspired in YouTube scenarios suggest the introduction of cooperation is both robust and extremely attractive from an economical viewpoint as well.     

A Branch-and-price Algorithm for the Multi-Vehicle Covering Tour Problem

In this paper, we propose a Branch-and-price (BP) algorithm and a Column Generation Heuristic (CGH) for the Multi-Vehicle Covering Tour Problem (m-CTP). Specific dominance and extension pruning rules are introduced to accelerate the resolution of the pricing problems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work dedicated to the exact resolution of m-CTP. The algorithm managed to solve about 30% of the instances in our test bed, within a 4 hour CPU time limit. Our preliminary computational experiments suggest that both the lower bounds provided by the formulation behind BP and the CGH upper bounds are of good quality.     

A new method for resolving combinatorial ambiguities at hadron colliders

We present a new method for resolving combinatorial ambiguities that arise in multi-particle decay chains at hadron colliders where the assignment of visible particles to the different decay chains has ambiguities. Our method, based on selection cuts favoring high transverse momentum and low invariant mass pairings, is shown to be significantly superior to the more traditional hemisphere method for a large class of decay chains, producing an increase in signal retention of up to a factor of 2. This new method can thus greatly reduce the combinatorial ambiguities of decay chain assignments.     

自然数幂方和用二项系数表示的系数公式

得到了自然数幂方和由二项系数表示的系数a_i~(k)的公式,和由排列数表示的系数b_i~(k)的公式,证明了系数存在唯一性及系数间的若干重要性质,给出了计算系数的C-语言程序.